This week’s news from Sprint Nextel [1] marks a cornerstone of OSGi [2]adoption: Sprint has released its first developer version of the Titan platform, an OSGi based next generation mobile Java stack. Titan was announced on the last Application Developer Program (ADP) Conference and is now made available for download at developer.sprint.com [3]. This is very exciting news for a number of technical, business related and strategic reasons!


First of all, let’s take a look at what the Titan SDK contains:

1. A self-contained Java runtime stack [4] for Win Mobile 6 PDA phones. It is a dual stack system consisting of these components:

[5](Source: Titan documentation)

The stack comes as a cab file, the package format for Win Mobile applications.

Architecture. The architecture is entirely transparent to developers and end users. Plain old MIDlets are executed in the CLDC VM runtime whereas eRCP applications and OSGi bundles run in the CDC/OSGi VM process. The OSGi stack runs in background mode and handles installation, uninstallation and launching of all applications and components. For this reason Titan contains a set of AMS related components which tie into the OSGi runtime.

Supported Standards. Despite its new architecture, Titan is build upon industry standards. It supports:

• CLDC 1.1, CDC 1.1, Foundation Profile 1.1 (IBM J9 VM [6])
• MIDP 2 (JSR 118 [7])
• File Connection API (part of JSR 75 [8])
• Wireless Messaging (JSR 120 [9])
• Mobile Media API (JSR 135 [10])
• Location API (JSR 179 [11])
• Mobile Operational Management (JSR 232 [12] = OSGi R4 Mobile, ProSyst mBedded Server Pro Edition [13])
• Mobile Internationalization API (JSR 238 [14])
• OMA-DM 1.2, OMA-DL 1.2, OMA SyncML Commons 1.2
• Eclipse eRCP 1.1 [15], eSWT/eJFace 1.1 (not standards, but good open source stuff!!)

Application models. The current version of Titan supports POMs (plain old MIDlets), OSGi bundles and Deployment Packages (DPs) as well as eRCP applications. Other application and package formats may be added in future, a widget based web application model being one of those. I would have loved to see support for OAMs (OSGi Aware MIDlets, i.e. MIDlets that are allowed to access CDC APIs and thus make use of all the beauty of OSGi) but that’s not the case currently. Titan comes with LCDUI and eSWT UI toolkits.

Manageability. One of Titan’s core concepts it manageability. The runtime can be managed from a developer host (using an IP based management protocol) as well as remotely via the OMA-DM protocol. For this reason it contains a full OMA-DM and DL client implementation.

Developer Support. The Titan stack runs on target devices as well as in the Win Mobile emulator that you can download from Microsoft. Moreover, the stack can be launched in normal runtime mode, in debug mode or in profiling mode (requires the tooling add-on, see below).

2. An installation package Titan device tools [16]: This package contains the client side interfaces for the Eclipse based Titan Tooling plugins (debug and profiling libs for the VM, local console app for the OSGi runtime, an agent that communicates with Eclipse, etc.)

3. A set of Titan Tools Eclipse plugins [17]. All the good stuff developers need: VM launcher, DP Editor, OSGi remote management plugin for deployment, installation and launching of apps and bundles and a Java profiler.

4. Demos and documents. Sprint provides a set of videos on how to use the various tools as well as a good documentation on Titan (you need to install the Eclipse plugins to get the docs. Install them and open Help-Help Contents-Titan Developer’s Guide in Eclipse).

I have to admit that I am pretty excited about what they provide and it gives me a hard time to not make this blog a sales pitch for Sprint. Here’s why I believe that Titan is a great step for mobile computing.


What’s in for developers?

Titan offers a lot of enhanced features for mobile application development. The modularity and service registry concepts of OSGi open the door for component based designs, allow code sharing, provide sophisticated solutions for version and security management and offer remote control out of the box – just to mention a few of the many benefits.

Secondly, Sprint offers several application models from which developers can chose. Legacy MIDlet applications are still supported but if you need more than just that you can write bundles, eRCP apps, widgets and perhaps other models which Sprint might add in future. Apparently, the choice of picking the right model has now been taken from the device OEM or operator and been given to those who know best what they need: the developers. However, in contrast to other more or less proprietary platforms like Android, almost all public APIs are based on industry standards and thus secure your investments.

The tooling package provided by Sprint will ease the first steps, although there is still a lot that could and should be added over time (i.e. GUI builder á la NetBeans [18]).


What’s in for Enterprises?

There are at least three reasons why I think enterprises should get involved with Titan:

The market place of mobile platforms is right in the middle of a massive fragmentation process. In terms of open application platforms, until today the choice was more or less limited to MIDP2 [19], Nokia S60 [20], UIQ [21], Win Mobile [22] and Brew [23]. Tomorrow, a colorful bunch of additional platforms will penetrate the market of smart phones: Android [24], several Linux platforms like LiMo [25], Qtopia [26], MLI [27], perhaps MIDP3 [28], Maemo [29], iPhone SDK [30], JavaFX Mobile [31], etc. etc. Once ported to all Sprint phones – which I assume is Sprint’s strategy – Titan will provide a homogeneous cross-platform runtime and thus eliminates the fragmentation issue of the underlying layers. This is a huge benefit for enterprises that face the burden of supporting different phone platforms.

Secondly, the introduction of OSGi [32]/eRCP [33]/eSWT [34]is a powerful set of capabilities. For enterprise developers this technology is of particular interest. eSWT offers a large blend of UI widgets that enable development of rich apps. eRCP is a subset of the Eclipse RCP technology [35] (the „e“ in eRCP stands for „embedded“), which seeks a lot of attention from visual desktop application developers (find a list of known RCP apps here). The Eclipse IDE itself, which is based on RCP, is the best example of what you can do with it. Frankly, Titan leverages desktop development know-how and technology to mobile handsets.

The third reason is Titan’s remote management capabilities. The key use cases are: Remote deployment of new apps, updates and upgrades, remote removal of deprecated apps, remote monitoring and remote configuration of your platform and your apps.


What’s in for Sprint?

Hopefully a positive impact on its share price! ;-) The fragmentation problem described in the enterprise context above is equally challenging for Sprint as a network operator. Sprint has built up a large and lucrative application and content ecosystem. Today, most (if not all) of those apps are MIDP2 based. What will happen after MIDP2, though? What can MIDP2 or Brew provide to enterprise developers? Presumingly, Titan is a strategy to offer innovation and yet to satisfy legacy support.

Looking at Titan from a non-technical angle, it appears to me as another episode of the war for share in added value services. Since margins are falling for both mobile hardware and telephony services, device OEMs started to go downstream and battle against operators for service revenue (and so do players which have no traditional roots in the mobile market, i.e. Google [36], Yahoo! [37], etc.). Titan – a container technology that is supposed to secure and extend Sprint’s ecosystem business – could be one element of Sprint’s competitive positioning.


What are the downsides?

Well, I guess it is just fair to mention that, alike any other new technology, Titan implies some challenges as well.

The current version of the downloadable Titan runtime works for Win Mobile 6 PDA only. The readme says that it is tested on the Sprint HTC Mogul [38] device only but I know that it works on other devices, i.e. the HTC Touch [39], as well. Anyway, market penetration requires additional platform support which Sprint already announced in this presentation.

Footage of Titan is probably not an attribute people will get particularly excited about. ROM footprint is around 17.2 MB (incl. everything; size of the OSGi framework is just a couple of 100k) and RAM around 11 MB (stack only, no apps started). Considering the rapid increase of handset memory size and processing power, I don’t think the Titan footprint is really a serious obstacle.


After all, Titan is good news to all of us OSGi enthusiasts. Let’s hope that it’ll gain rapid market acceptance!


Notice: Sun [40]has created a Sprint Titan stack as well and released that right after the last Sprint ADP Conference in December 07. Similar to the package described above, Sun's solution comes with tooling integration [41] and documentation [42]. Definitely worth reading!

Stay tuned...

- Jo